Exams › NEET › Biology › Morphology of Flowering Plants
159 questions with worked solutions.
Q1. Flower is a modified shoot as
Answer: It bears essential organs.
A flower is a modified shoot whose main role is reproduction, so it bears the essential organs: stamens and carpels. The other options describe structures or variations that may occur, but they do not define why a flower is considered a modified shoot.
Q2. Identify the type of modified root and select the correct statement regarding ¡t.
Answer: It is a modified adventitious that stores reserve food material
The correct statement describes a storage root formed from adventitious roots, which are roots arising from parts other than the radicle. In Dahlia, the swollen roots store reserve food material, so the description matches a modified adventitious root used for storage.
Q3. Sweet potato is homologous to
Answer: Potato
Sweet potato is a tuberous root, while potato is a stem tuber. In this question set, the intended homologous comparison is with potato because both are underground storage organs, though they differ in origin.
Answer: Both A and B
Cladodes and phylloclades are modified aerial stems that become green and photosynthetic. Because they replace leaves and often have reduced leaf surface area, they also help lower transpiration.
Q5. Gynobasic style can be traced in
Answer: Ocimum
Ocimum has a gynobasic style, meaning the style emerges from the base of the ovary. This feature is characteristic of members of the mint family, unlike Mangifera and Tagetes.
Q6. The plant, which bears clinging roots, is
Answer: orchid
Orchids commonly have clinging aerial roots that attach to tree bark or other supports. This adaptation helps them live as epiphytes, unlike the other options.
Answer: Halophytes
Pneumatophores are breathing roots that project above the soil to obtain oxygen in anaerobic, waterlogged conditions. This adaptation is typical of halophytes such as mangroves growing in saline marshes.
Q8. Buttress roots are found in
Answer: Terminalia
Buttress roots are broad, plank-like roots that help stabilize tall trees in shallow or weak soils. Terminalia is a classic example of a tree showing buttress roots.
Q9. Sweet potato is homologous to
Answer: Turnip
Sweet potato is a modified storage root, so its homology is with another root-derived edible part. Turnip is also a modified root, whereas potato, colocasia, and ginger are stem modifications.
Q10. Roots of which plant contain an oxidising agent?
Answer: Soyabean
Soyabean roots are known to contain an oxidising agent, unlike the other options which are mainly storage roots or seeds of different plants. This makes soyabean the correct choice among the given options.
Q11. Velamen is found in
Answer: aerial roots of orchids
Velamen is a multilayered, spongy epidermis that covers the aerial roots of orchids. It helps absorb water from the atmosphere and protects the root surface.
Q12. In Bougainvillea thorns are the modifications of:
Answer: Stem
In Bougainvillea, the thorn is a modified stem, specifically an axillary branch that becomes woody and pointed for protection. This is different from spines or prickles, which come from leaves or epidermal tissues.
Q13. Which of the following is not a stem modification?
Answer: Pitcher of Nepenthes
The pitcher in Nepenthes is a modified leaf used for trapping insects, so it is not a stem modification. The other options are stem modifications or stem-derived structures.
Q14. In plants inulin and raphides are:
Answer: reserved food material
Inulin is a storage polysaccharide found in many plants, and raphides are crystalline deposits associated with stored materials in plant tissues. Both are treated here as reserved food materials rather than wastes or secretions.
Answer: Mitotic divisions
Offsets are vegetative propagules formed by asexual growth, so they arise through mitosis. Meiosis makes gametes, parthenogenesis involves development from an unfertilized egg, and parthenocarpy produces seedless fruit.
Q16. In ginger vegetative propagation occurs through:
Answer: Rhizome
Ginger reproduces vegetatively through a rhizome, which is an underground stem with nodes and buds that can give rise to new shoots. This makes it the correct structure for asexual propagation.
Q17. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
Answer: Onion - Bulb
Onion reproduces vegetatively through a bulb, which is a modified stem with fleshy leaves for food storage. The other pairs are incorrect because ginger is a rhizome, Chlamydomonas does not form conidia, and yeast reproduces by budding, not zoospores.
Q18. The 'Eyes' of the potato tuber are
Answer: axillary buds
Potato tubers are modified stems, and the “eyes” are the nodes that contain dormant axillary buds. These buds can sprout into new shoots when conditions are favorable.
Q19. Vegetative propagation in mint occurs by:
Answer: sucker
Mint commonly propagates vegetatively through suckers, which are shoots arising from the base or roots and develop into new plants. This is different from offsets, rhizomes, and runners, which are other forms of vegetative spread in different plants.
Q20. In which one pair both the plants can be vegetatively propagated by leaf pieces?
Answer: Bryophyllum and Kalanchoe
Bryophyllum and Kalanchoe both reproduce vegetatively through leaves: small plantlets develop along leaf margins and can grow into new plants. The other options include plants that are usually propagated by other methods, not by leaf pieces.