Exams › NEET › Biology › Anatomy of Flowering Plants
115 questions with worked solutions.
Q1. For which of the following, 'Wharton's jelly' term is used?
Answer: Mucoid tissue
Wharton's jelly is the gelatinous, mucous (mucoid) connective tissue of the umbilical cord. It is rich in ground substance and supports the umbilical vessels.
Q2. Which one of the following statements pertaining to plant structure is correct?
Answer: Sieve tube elements possess cytoplasm but no nuclei
Sieve tube elements are living phloem cells that retain a thin layer of cytoplasm but lose their nucleus at maturity to allow efficient transport. This makes option C correct; the other statements describe different structures or are inaccurate.
Q3. In Colon, constrictions of the wall form a series of small pockets called
Answer: Haustra
The colon is divided into bulging pouches formed by its muscle tone and taeniae coli; these are called haustra. Crypts of Lieberkühn are intestinal glands, zymogen cells secrete digestive enzymes, and taeniae are the longitudinal muscle bands themselves.
Q4. Spongy parenchyma is arranged in
Answer: Loosely arranged
Spongy parenchyma has loosely packed cells with large intercellular spaces, which helps in gas exchange. That is why the correct choice is the one describing a loose arrangement.
Answer: Quadrate
In mammalian evolution, the malleus derives from the articular bone of the lower jaw, while the incus derives from the quadrate bone of the upper jaw. This is why the correct choice is Quadrate.
Answer: Mammals
Mammals have an external ear, including the pinna and external auditory canal, which helps collect and direct sound. Reptiles, amphibians, and fishes do not have a true external ear like mammals.
Q7. Obturator foramen is found in
Answer: Pelvic girdle of rabbit
The obturator foramen is an opening in the pelvic girdle, and in rabbits it is present in the hip bone. Pectoral girdles do not contain this structure, and the frog pelvic girdle is organized differently.
Q8. In frog heart, there are cardiac muscles which consist of fibres called
Answer: Myonemes
In frog heart, the cardiac muscle fibres are called myonemes. The other options refer to specialized conduction fibres, axon terminals, or muscular ridges inside the heart.
Q9. The membrane which covers the brain and the spinal cord is
Answer: Meninges
The brain and spinal cord are enclosed by three protective membranes called the meninges. White matter and grey matter are parts of the nervous tissue, and peritoneum is the membrane lining the abdominal cavity.
Q10. A leaf which possesses stomata exclusively on its upper surface is called as
Answer: Oat type
A leaf with stomata only on the upper surface is an epistomatic leaf, typical of floating aquatic plants. Oat type is the standard example of this arrangement, while lotus type has stomata mainly on the upper surface but is commonly associated with floating leaves; in this question, the expected classification is Oat type.
Q11. In case of a man, when the entire sole rests on the ground during walking, it is known as
Answer: Plantigrade
Plantigrade describes a walking posture where the entire sole of the foot contacts the ground. The other options refer to toe-walking, a neuron cell body, and the big toe.
Q12. Sutural joints are present between
Answer: Parietals of skull
Sutural joints are fibrous, immovable joints that connect the bones of the skull. The parietal bones meet at a suture, so this is the correct example.
Q13. Sunken stomata is the characteristic feature of
Answer: xerophyte
Sunken stomata are an adaptation that lowers water loss by trapping moist air around the pores. This is a classic xerophytic feature because xerophytes live in dry habitats and must conserve water.
Q14. As compared to a dicot root, a monocot root has:
Answer: many xylem bundles.
Monocot roots are typically polyarch, meaning they contain many xylem bundles arranged in a ring. Dicot roots usually have fewer xylem arms and often show secondary growth, unlike monocots.
Q15. Regeneration of damaged growing grass following grazing is largely due to:
Answer: Intercalary meristem
Intercalary meristems are found at the bases of leaves and internodes in grasses, so they often survive grazing. They can quickly divide and replace lost tissue, allowing rapid regeneration.
Q16. Which of the following is made up of dead cells?
Answer: Phellem
Phellem is cork, a protective tissue made of dead, suberized cells. Collenchyma, phloem, and xylem parenchyma are living tissues, so they do not fit.
Q17. Meristematic tissue responsible for increase in girth of tree trunk is:
Answer: Lateral meristem
Lateral meristems are responsible for secondary growth, which increases the thickness or girth of stems and roots. Apical and intercalary meristems mainly increase length, while phellogen is a type of lateral meristem involved in cork formation.
Q18. Companion cells are closely associated with:
Answer: Sieve elements
Companion cells are specialized phloem cells that support sieve elements by providing metabolic assistance and regulating their function. Sieve elements are the conducting cells they are directly associated with.
Q19. Tracheids differ from other tracheary elements in:
Answer: Being imperforate
Tracheids are xylem conducting cells that lack perforation plates, so water moves through pits instead of open end walls. Other tracheary elements, especially vessel elements, are perforated.
Q20. The chief water conducting elements of xylem in gymnosperms are:
Answer: tracheids
In gymnosperms, xylem conduction is primarily carried out by tracheids, which both conduct water and provide support. Vessels are generally absent in gymnosperms, while transfusion tissue is associated with leaf transport, not the chief xylem conducting element.