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A cubical block floats in a liquid with one-third of its volume submerged. The entire system (block plus liquid container) is then accelerated upward with acceleration g/2. Which of the following statements is correct?
- the fraction of volume immersed in the liquid will change.
- the buoyancy force on the block will change.
- the buoyancy force will increase by 50 percent.
- the pressure in the liquid will increase.
Correct answer: the pressure in the liquid will increase.
Solution
Upward acceleration increases effective gravity to g(1 + 1/2). Both the block's apparent weight and the buoyant force scale by the same factor, so the immersed fraction (one-third) is unchanged. The buoyancy force does increase in magnitude but only because effective g rises; the immersed fraction is fixed. The hydrostatic pressure at any depth, rho*g_eff*depth, increases. The cleanest correct statement is that the pressure in the liquid increases.
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