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In the method of mixtures used to determine the specific heat of a solid, heat escapes from the calorimeter to the surroundings mainly through which process?

1. radiation
2. conduction
3. convection
4. both conduction and convection

Correct answer: radiation

Solution

Heat escapes from the calorimeter primarily through radiation because it involves the transfer of thermal energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, which can occur even in a vacuum, unlike conduction and convection that require a medium.

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