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Match each group attached to a benzene ring (Column I) with the electronic effect it shows (Column II). Column-I: (A) -NO2 (B) -O(-) (C) -O-CH3 (D) -C(triple)N Column-II: (P) -R (resonance withdrawing) effect (Q) +R (resonance donating) effect (R) +I (inductive donating) effect (S) -I (inductive withdrawing) effect

1. A-(P,S); B-(Q,R); C-(Q,S); D-(P,S)
2. A-(Q,R); B-(P,S); C-(P,S); D-(Q,R)
3. A-(P,R); B-(Q,S); C-(Q,R); D-(P,S)
4. A-(S); B-(R); C-(Q); D-(P)

Correct answer: A-(P,S); B-(Q,R); C-(Q,S); D-(P,S)

Solution

-NO2: -R and -I (P,S). -O(-): lone pairs donate by resonance (+R = Q) and the negative charge pushes electron density inductively (+I = R). -OCH3: +R (Q) but -I (S) due to electronegative O. -CN: -R and -I (P,S).

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