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How many of the following groups show a +I (electron-donating inductive) effect: (a) -OH, (b) -O-, (c) -NH2, (d) -NH-, (e) -COOH, (f) -COO-, (g) -Me, (h) -OMe, (i) -F, (j) -NF3+ ?

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

Correct answer: 4

Solution

+I groups are electron-releasing. -O- (b), -NH- (d) and -COO- (f) carry a negative charge and donate electron density; -Me (g) is a classic +I alkyl group. The neutral electronegative groups -OH, -NH2, -OMe, -F and the positively charged -NF3+ are -I, and -COOH is -I. So exactly 4 groups show +I.

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