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This reaction is an example of Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. In this reaction acids containing α-H on treatment with X2/P give di-halo substituted acid.

1. CH3-CH2COOH → Br/P → CH3-CBr2-COOH
2. CH3-CH2COOH → Cl/P → CH3-CCl2-COOH
3. CH3-CH2COOH → I/P → CH3-CI2-COOH
4. CH3-CH2COOH → F/P → CH3-CF2-COOH

Correct answer: CH3-CH2COOH → F/P → CH3-CF2-COOH

Solution

The Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom in a carboxylic acid with a halogen atom, and fluorine is the most electronegative halogen, making it the best option.

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