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Consider the following three reactions involving dihydrogen phosphate ion: (i) H3PO4 + H2O → H3O+ + H2PO4− (ii) H2PO4− + H2O → HPO4^2− + H3O+ (iii) H2PO4− + OH− → H3PO4 + O2− In which of these reactions does H2PO4− behave as an acid?
- (ii) only
- (i) and (ii)
- (iii) only
- (i) only
Correct answer: (i) only
Solution
In reaction (i), H2PO4− acts as a proton donor, releasing a proton to water and forming H3O+, which is characteristic of an acid. In contrast, in reactions (ii) and (iii), H2PO4− either accepts a proton or does not donate one, thus not behaving as an acid.
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