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Which compound is obtained when malonic ester is heated with urea?

1. Cinnamic acid
2. Butyric acid
3. Barbituric acid
4. Crotonic acid

Correct answer: Barbituric acid

Solution

Diethyl malonate condenses with urea (base catalysed) with loss of two ethanol molecules to form the cyclic ureide barbituric acid (malonylurea). This is the classic synthesis of barbiturates.

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