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For a reaction with a negative standard cell potential (E°cell), which statement correctly describes the signs of ΔG° and the equilibrium constant Keq?

1. ΔG° is positive and Keq is greater than 1
2. ΔG° is negative and Keq is greater than 1
3. ΔG° is negative and Keq is less than 1
4. ΔG° is positive and Keq is less than 1

Correct answer: ΔG° is positive and Keq is less than 1

Solution

dG = -nFE; negative E gives positive dG. Since dG = -RT ln K > 0, ln K < 0, so Keq < 1.

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