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Which statement is correct about hyperconjugation, also called no-bond resonance?

1. It is like the inductive effect because electron donation occurs through sigma bonds, and it also involves delocalisation of sigma and pi electrons.
2. It consists of overlap between a filled orbital and the vacant p orbital of a carbocation.
3. It is similar to resonance in that pi electrons or lone-pair electrons shift toward the carbon carrying the positive charge.
4. None of these statements is correct.

Correct answer: It is similar to resonance in that pi electrons or lone-pair electrons shift toward the carbon carrying the positive charge.

Solution

Hyperconjugation is the delocalisation of sigma electrons of a C-H or C-C bond adjacent to a positive center or double bond. It is often described as no-bond resonance because it resembles resonance in stabilizing the system by electron delocalisation. The option mentioning pi electrons or lone pairs moving toward a positive carbon is the closest correct statement among the given choices.

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