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A container of cross-sectional area A is filled with water to a height of 3 m. A small hole of area 'a' is made in the side wall at a height of 52.5 cm above the bottom. Taking a/A = 0.1, find v², where v is the efflux speed of water from the hole (use g = 10 m/s²).

1. 48
2. 51
3. 50
4. 51.5

Correct answer: 50

Solution

Head above the hole h = 3 - 0.525 = 2.475 m. Including the surface velocity, v² = 2gh/(1 - (a/A)²) = 2*10*2.475/(1 - 0.01) = 49.5/0.99 = 50.

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