If cos x + sin x = a with -pi/2 < x < -pi/4, then cos 2x equals:
a*sqrt(2 - a²)
a²
a*sqrt(2 - a)
a*sqrt(2 + a)
Correct answer: a*sqrt(2 - a²)
Solution
Since (cos x + sin x)² = 1 + sin 2x = a², we get (cos x - sin x)² = 2 - a². In the interval (-pi/2, -pi/4), cos x - sin x > 0, so cos 2x = a*sqrt(2 - a²).