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In the following metallurgical scheme: Ore X --roasting--> Roasted ore --heated with X in absence of O2--> Metal M Ore Y --calcination--> Calcinated ore --heated with X in absence of O2--> Metal M Both X and Y are ores of the same metal M, and X is used as the reducing agent. Which option is CORRECT?

1. X = Chalcocite Y = Malachite
2. X = Galena Y = Cerussite
3. X = Zinc blende Y = Calamine
4. (A) and (B) both are correct

Correct answer: (A) and (B) both are correct

Solution

For Copper: Cu2S (Chalcocite) roasted gives Cu2O; Cu2O + Cu2S -> Cu + SO2 (auto-reduction). Malachite [Cu2(OH)2CO3] calcined gives CuO; CuO + Cu2S -> Cu + SO2. For Lead: PbS (Galena) roasted gives PbO; PbO + PbS -> Pb + SO2. Cerussite (PbCO3) calcined gives PbO; PbO + PbS -> Pb + SO2. Both A and B fit the scheme. Zinc is extracted via carbon reduction, not self-reduction.

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