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Aniline is treated with HNO3 and H2SO4 at 288 K. Consider the statements: (i) ortho-Nitroaniline and para-nitroaniline are the predominant products. (ii) para-Nitroaniline and meta-nitroaniline are the predominant products. (iii) HNO3 acts as an acid in this reaction. (iv) H2SO4 acts as an acid in this reaction. Choose the correct option:

1. (i) and (iii) are correct statements.
2. (i) and (iv) are correct statements.
3. (ii) and (iv) are correct statements.
4. (ii) and (iii) are correct statements.

Correct answer: (i) and (iv) are correct statements.

Solution

The -NH2 group is a strong ortho/para director, so nitration of aniline gives predominantly o-nitroaniline and p-nitroaniline (statement i is correct; ii is wrong). In the mixed acid system, H2SO4 donates a proton to HNO3 generating the electrophile NO2+. H2SO4 acts as the acid; HNO3 acts as the base (getting protonated). Therefore statement (iv) is correct and (iii) is incorrect.

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