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At what minimum temperature will a metal oxide MO be reduced to its metal when heated with carbon? (Refer to the Ellingham diagram.)

1. 1750 deg C
2. 277 deg C
3. 1200 deg C
4. 2200 deg C

Correct answer: 1200 deg C

Solution

Carbon becomes a stronger reducing agent than CO above about 700 deg C (where the 2C+O2->2CO line slopes downward). For a typical MO, the crossover with the MO line on the Ellingham diagram occurs near 1200 deg C, so reduction is feasible above this temperature.

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