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Identify the incorrect statement from the following:

1. VOSO4 acts as an oxidizing agent.
2. Cr2O3 is an amphoteric oxide.
3. RuO4 is an oxidizing agent.
4. The red colour of ruby is due to the presence of Co3+ ions.

Correct answer: The red colour of ruby is due to the presence of Co3+ ions.

Solution

Ruby is a form of corundum (Al2O3) in which some Al3+ ions are replaced by Cr3+ ions; the d-d transitions of Cr3+ in the crystal field produce the characteristic deep red colour. Co3+ is not present in ruby. The other statements are correct: VOSO4 contains V4+ which can be oxidised to V5+ or it acts as oxidant by being reduced; Cr2O3 is indeed amphoteric (dissolves in both acid and base); RuO4 is a powerful oxidizing agent used in organic synthesis.

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