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Which pair of elements exhibits a diagonal relationship?

1. (B, Al)
2. (Li, Al)
3. (Be, Mg)
4. (Li, Mg)

Correct answer: (Li, Mg)

Solution

Diagonal relationship holds between elements whose charge density (ionic potential) is similar: Li (Period 2, Group 1) and Mg (Period 3, Group 2) share many chemical properties. The other known pairs are Be-Al and B-Si. (B, Al) are in the same group (not diagonal); (Li, Al) and (Be, Mg) skip to non-adjacent groups.

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