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Match the following solution types (List I) with the correct examples (List II): List I: (P) Follows Raoult's law (ideal solution), (Q) Positive deviation from Raoult's law, (R) Negative deviation from Raoult's law, (S) Follows Henry's law List II: (1) O2 dissolved in water, (2) Ethanol + Water, (3) Chloroform + Acetone, (4) Benzene + Toluene, (5) Kerosene oil + Water

1. P -> 4; Q -> 2; R -> 3; S -> 1
2. P -> 4; Q -> 2; R -> 3; S -> 5
3. P -> 4; Q -> 3; R -> 2; S -> 1
4. P -> 4; Q -> 2; R -> 5; S -> 1

Correct answer: P -> 4; Q -> 2; R -> 3; S -> 1

Solution

P (Raoult's law = ideal): Benzene + Toluene (4) — similar non-polar molecules, similar intermolecular forces. Q (positive deviation): Ethanol + Water (2) — H-bonds between like molecules stronger than unlike, vapour pressure increases above ideal. R (negative deviation): Chloroform + Acetone (3) — H-bonding between CHCl3 and C=O of acetone strengthens interactions, vapour pressure decreases. S (Henry's law): O2 + Water (1) — O2 is a gas dissolved at very low concentration. Kerosene + water (5) is immiscible, not a true solution.

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