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Aniline is treated with HNO2 and HCl at 0 deg C to give compound X. X is then treated with KCN to give compound Y. On hydrolysis of Y with dilute H3O+, compound Z is obtained. Z is:

1. Phenol (C6H5OH)
2. Benzoic acid (C6H5COOH)
3. Benzamide (C6H5CONH2)
4. Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO)

Correct answer: Benzoic acid (C6H5COOH)

Solution

Step 1: C6H5NH2 + HNO2 + HCl / 0 deg C → C6H5N2+Cl- (benzenediazonium chloride, X). Step 2: C6H5N2+Cl- + KCN → C6H5CN (benzonitrile, Y) via Sandmeyer reaction. Step 3: C6H5CN + H3O+ (dilute, hydrolysis) → C6H5COOH (benzoic acid, Z). Z is benzoic acid.

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