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In the permanganate ion MnO4²- (manganate ion), how many d-pi to p-pi (dp-pp) bonds are present? (Consider that Mn uses d-orbitals to form pi bonds with oxygen's p-orbitals.)

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 6

Correct answer: 4

Solution

In MnO4²- (manganate ion), manganese is in the +6 oxidation state with electron configuration [Ar] 3d¹. The ion is tetrahedral with 4 oxygen atoms bonded to Mn. Each Mn-O bond involves: (1) one sigma bond from O lone pair to Mn, and (2) one d-pi to p-pi back bond where the filled p-orbital of oxygen donates into empty/partially filled d-orbital of Mn. With 4 Mn-O bonds, there are 4 d-pi to p-pi bonds in MnO4²-.

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