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Which of the following statements about the heavier p-block elements is correct?

1. Tl⁺ is more stable than Tl³+
2. Pb⁴+ salts act as good oxidising agents
3. Bi⁵+ salts act as good oxidising agents
4. All of the above

Correct answer: All of the above

Solution

The inert pair effect makes the lower oxidation states of heavy p-block elements more stable. Tl⁺ is indeed more stable than Tl³+. Pb⁴+ is unstable (prefers Pb²+) so it readily accepts electrons — it is a strong oxidising agent. Bi⁵+ is unstable (prefers Bi³+) so it is also a strong oxidising agent. All three statements are correct.

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