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For the equilibrium: 2CO(g) + O2(g) <=> 2CO2(g) + heat, identify the condition under which the direction of shift is indeterminate or results in no change.

1. Addition of O2 and simultaneous decrease in volume
2. Addition of Ar at constant pressure
3. Addition of CO and increase in temperature at constant volume
4. Increase in temperature and simultaneous decrease in volume

Correct answer: Increase in temperature and simultaneous decrease in volume

Solution

Decreasing volume shifts equilibrium toward fewer moles of gas (forward direction), while increasing temperature for an exothermic reaction shifts equilibrium backward. These opposing effects make the net shift indeterminate without quantitative data.

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