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Which of the following pairs of lanthanide ions both represent stable (commonly observed) oxidation states?

1. Ce3+ and Yb2+
2. Eu2+ and Tb4+
3. Lu3+ and Gd2+
4. Pr5+ and Nd2+

Correct answer: Eu2+ and Tb4+

Solution

Eu2+ ([Xe]4f7, half-filled 4f) and Tb4+ ([Xe]4f7, half-filled 4f) are both stabilised by the extra stability of the half-filled 4f configuration, making this the correct pair of stable oxidation states.

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