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Which of the following accurately reflects Japan’s strategies to cope with its aging population? (I) Encouraging older citizens to continue working while adopting robotics to fill labor gaps. (II) Providing substantial childcare subsidies to boost the birth rate and offset the shrinking workforce. (III) Rapidly expanding immigration policies to increase the workforce and reduce dependency ratios.

1. Only (I)
2. Both (I) and (II)
3. Only (III)
4. Both (II) and (III)
5. All (I), (II), and (III)

Correct answer: Both (I) and (II)

Solution

The passage clearly mentions encouraging older citizens to work, using robotics and AI, and investing in childcare subsidies and parental leave. It does not say Japan is rapidly expanding immigration policies, so only I and II are correct.

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