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During a power failure, a domestic household uninterruptible power supply (UPS) supplies AC power to a limited number of lights and fans in various rooms. As per a Newton-Raphson load-flow formulation, the UPS would be represented as a

1. Slack bus
2. PV bus
3. PQ bus
4. PQV bus

Correct answer: Slack bus

Solution

The UPS acts as a slack bus because it provides a constant voltage and can adjust its output to balance the power supply and demand during a power failure, ensuring stability in the system.

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