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An audit of a banking transactions system has found that on an earlier occasion, two joint holders of account A attempted simultaneous transfers of Rs. 10000 each from account A to account B. Both transactions read the same value, Rs. 11000, as the initial balance in A and were allowed to go through. B was credited Rs. 10000 twice. A was debited only once and ended up with a balance of Rs. 1000. Which of the following properties is/are certain to have been violated by the system?
- Atomicity
- Consistency
- Isolation
- Durability
Correct answer: Isolation
Solution
The violation of isolation occurs because the two simultaneous transactions were processed without recognizing that they were competing for the same account balance, leading to both transactions seeing the same initial balance and resulting in an incorrect final state.
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