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Host A (on TCP/IP v4 network A) sends an IP datagram D to host B (also on TCP/IP v4 network B). Assume that no error occurred during the transmission of D. When D reaches B, which of the following IP header field(s) may be different from that of the original datagram D? (i) TTL (ii) Checksum (iii) Fragment Offset

1. (i) only
2. (i) and (ii) only
3. (ii) and (iii) only
4. (i), (ii) and (iii)

Correct answer: (i), (ii) and (iii)

Solution

All three fields can change during the transmission of an IP datagram. The Time to Live (TTL) decreases as the packet traverses routers, the Checksum is recalculated at each hop to ensure data integrity, and the Fragment Offset may change if the datagram is fragmented during transmission.

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