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An access sequence of cache block addresses is of length N and contains unique block addresses. The number of unique block addresses between two consecutive accesses to the same block address is bounded above by k. What is the miss ratio if the access sequence is passed through a cache of associativity A ≥ k exercising least-recently-used replacement policy?

1. n/N
2. 1/N
3. 1/A
4. k/n

Correct answer: 1/N

Solution

The miss ratio is determined by the proportion of unique accesses to the total number of accesses. Since there are N unique block addresses and each access is unique, the miss ratio simplifies to 1/N, indicating that each access results in a cache miss until the cache can accommodate the accessed blocks.

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