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Consider the languages L1 = ∅ and L2 = {a, ε}. Which one of the following represents L1 ∪ L2 ?

1. {ε}
2. Φ
3. a*
4. {ε, a}

Correct answer: {ε, a}

Solution

The union of L1 and L2 combines all elements from both languages. Since L1 is empty and L2 contains the elements {a, ε}, the result of L1 ∪ L2 is simply {ε, a}.

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