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Assume that source S and destination D are connected through two intermediate routers labeled R. Determine how many times each packet has to visit the network layer and the data link layer during a transmission from S to D.

1. Network layer - 4 times and Data link layer - 4 times
2. Network layer - 4 times and Data link layer - 3 times
3. Network layer - 4 times and Data link layer - 6 times
4. Network layer - 2 times and Data link layer - 6 times

Correct answer: Network layer - 4 times and Data link layer - 6 times

Solution

Each packet must pass through the network layer at the source, each router, and the destination, totaling four visits to the network layer. Additionally, the packet must traverse the data link layer at the source, each router, and the destination, resulting in six visits to the data link layer.

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