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Which of the following concurrency control protocols ensure both conflict serializability and freedom from deadlock?
I. 2-phase locking
II. Time-stamp ordering
- I only
- II only
- Both I and II
- Neither I nor II
Correct answer: II only
Solution
Time-stamp ordering guarantees conflict serializability by assigning timestamps to transactions, ensuring that they are executed in a consistent order, while also preventing deadlocks by not allowing transactions to wait for each other. In contrast, 2-phase locking can lead to deadlocks despite ensuring serializability.
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