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The electric field of a uniform plane electromagnetic wave in free space, along the positive x direction, is given by \(\vec{E} = 10(\hat{a}_y + j\hat{a}_z)e^{-j25x}\). The frequency and polarization of the wave, respectively, are
- 1.2 GHz and left circular
- 4 Hz and left circular
- 1.2 GHz and right circular
- 4 Hz and right circular
Correct answer: 1.2 GHz and left circular
Solution
The phase constant is \(\beta=25\,\text{rad/m}\), so in free space \(f=\beta c/(2\pi)\approx 1.2\) GHz. Since the two transverse components have equal magnitude and a 90° phase difference, the wave is circularly polarized. For propagation in the +x direction, the given phasor corresponds to left circular polarization.
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