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If the entries in each column of a square matrix M add up to 1, an eigenvalue of M is

1. 4
2. 3
3. 2
4. 1

Correct answer: 1

Solution

An eigenvalue of 1 indicates that the matrix M preserves the sum of the entries in each column when multiplied by a vector of ones, reflecting the property that the column sums equal 1.

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